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Hemorrhagic stroke in children
Azhar E Askarova1, Bayan D Zhurkabayeva1
1Department of General Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Insights
Childhood hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a major cause of death and disability, impacting families and society. This review analyzes current knowledge on HS in children, covering epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neurocritical Care
- Public Health
Background:
- Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) constitutes nearly 50% of childhood strokes.
- It is a leading cause of death and lifelong disability in children.
- HS presents significant socio-economic and demographic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review current knowledge on childhood hemorrhagic stroke (HS).
- To update terminology using the International Classification of Diseases 11th edition.
- To analyze epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of epidemiological data from local studies.
- Examination of pathophysiological mechanisms and etiologies.
- Review of neurocritical care advancements.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of HS epidemiology in children.
- Identification and analysis of HS risk factors and underlying mechanisms.
- Overview of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.
- Emphasis on neurointensive therapy during the acute phase.
Conclusions:
- Childhood HS is a critical health issue requiring further research and improved management strategies.
- Understanding epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features is crucial for early detection and intervention.
- Advancements in neurocritical care offer improved outcomes for affected children.
Abstract:
Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in childhood accounts for almost 50% of childhood strokes, is among the top ten causes of deaths, or determines lifelong disability. These facts form significant socio-economic and demographic problems. The purpose of this review is to analyze current knowledge about HS in children. The data on HS terminology are presented, taking into account the International Classification of Diseases 11 edition. Attention is paid to the epidemiology of HS in children, including the results of individual local studies. The risk factors of HS in children were studied with an analysis of the causal, pathophysiological mechanisms of HS of various etiologies. The ideas about the clinical manifestations of HS in children are described. The analysis of HS treatment in children was carried out with an emphasis on achievements in neurointensive therapy of the acute period of HS. This review also includes information on the outcomes of HS in children.
