Interleukin-35: A key player managing pre-diabetes and chronic inflammatory type 1 autoimmune diabetes

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel protein comprising IL-12α and IL-27β chains. The IL12A and EBI3 genes are responsible for its production. The study of IL-35 has experienced a substantial increase in interest in recent years, as demonstrated by many research papers. Recent clinical studies have shown that individuals who do not have a C-peptide have notably reduced amounts of IL-35 in their blood serum. This is accompanied by a drop in the percentage of IL-35⁺ Treg cells, regulatory B cells, and CD8⁺ FOXP3⁺ cells that produce IL-35. This article em-phasizes the potential significance of IL-35 expression in governing the immune response and its involvement in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diabetes in pancreatic inflammation. It demonstrates IL-35's ability to regulate cytokine proportions, modulate B cells, and protect against autoimmune diabetes. However, further investigation is necessary to ascertain the precise mechanism of IL-35, and meticulous planning is essential for clinical studies.