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Does Clade Density Constrain Geographical Range Evolution?

Marcio R Pie1, Raquel Divieso2, Fernanda S Caron3

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This summary is machine-generated.

Interspecific competition, measured by clade density (CD), does not appear to influence the geographical range evolution of terrestrial vertebrates. This study found no significant association between CD and range evolution rates across numerous species.

Keywords:
interspecific competitionrange limitsrange size evolutionrates of evolutionspecies distributionsterrestrial vertebrates

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • The influence of biotic interactions, like interspecific competition, on the evolution of species' geographical ranges is not well understood.
  • High competitor density may either limit range shifts (geographical packing) or accelerate them (range shifts to avoid competition).
  • Clade density (CD) was introduced as a metric to quantify potential interspecific competition across a species' distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between clade density (CD) and the rate of geographical range evolution in terrestrial vertebrates.
  • To determine if interspecific competition, as proxied by CD, impacts how species' geographical distributions change over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dataset of 5936 terrestrial vertebrate species.
  • Employed two methods to test the relationship between CD and range evolution: geographical distance between sister species and estimated tip rates of range evolution.
  • Accounted for phylogenetic uncertainty in the analyses.

Main Results:

  • No significant relationship was found between clade density (CD) and the geographical distance separating sister species.
  • Estimated rates of geographical range evolution did not show a consistent association with variation in CD.
  • These findings held true even after controlling for phylogenetic uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • The study found no evidence that interspecific competition, as measured by clade density, plays a significant role in the geographical range evolution of terrestrial vertebrates.
  • Results challenge equilibrial models of species diversification that emphasize competition's role.
  • Suggests interspecific competition may not be a pervasive driver of geographical range evolution in this group.