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Skin senescence-from basic research to clinical practice
Natalia Dorf1, Mateusz Maciejczyk2
1Independent Laboratory of Cosmetology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Frontiers in Medicine
|November 4, 2024
Summary
Skin aging involves cellular senescence and extracellular matrix damage, driven by factors like oxidative stress. Biomarkers such as SA-β-gal and p16INK4a help identify aging cells, with advanced glycation end-products measurable non-invasively.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and cellular biology
- Investigating the molecular mechanisms of skin aging and senescence.
Background:
- Skin aging presents visible signs like wrinkles and laxity, stemming from cellular senescence and extracellular matrix remodeling.
- Both intrinsic (genetics, metabolism) and extrinsic (UV, pollution) factors contribute to skin aging.
- Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction is a critical driver of cellular senescence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis of skin aging.
- To summarize clinical manifestations of skin aging.
- To discuss established and emerging biomarkers of skin senescence.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on skin aging.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms and contributing factors.
- Compilation of known biomarkers for cellular senescence.
Main Results:
- Key aging theories include protein glycation, oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and cell cycle arrest.
- Extracellular matrix damage accumulation is a significant factor in skin aging.
- Numerous biomarkers exist, including SA-β-gal, p16INK4a, p21CIP1, p53, DNA-SCARS, SAHF, and lamina B1 downregulation.
- Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can be measured non-invasively via skin fluorescence.
Conclusions:
- Skin aging is a complex process influenced by cellular senescence and ECM degradation.
- A variety of biomarkers can indicate cellular senescence in the skin.
- Understanding these mechanisms and biomarkers is crucial for managing skin aging.
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