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CRISPR-Cas9 in basic and translational aspects of cancer therapy
Maryam Samareh Salavatipour1, Zahra Poursalehi2, Negin Hosseini Rouzbahani3
1Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction:
The discovery of gene editing techniques has opened a new era within the field of biology and enabled scientists to manipulate nucleic acid molecules. CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering has revolutionized this achievement by successful targeting the DNA molecule and editing its sequence. Since genomic changes are the basis of the birth and growth of many tumors, CRISPR-Cas9 method has been successfully applied to identify and manipulate the genes which are involved in initiating and driving some neoplastic processes.
Methods:
By review of the existing literature on application of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer, different databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, we started data collection for "CRISPR-Cas9", "Genome Editing", "Cancer", "Solid tumors", "Hematologic malignancy" "Immunotherapy", "Diagnosis", "Drug resistance" phrases. Clinicaltrials.gov, a resource that provides access to information on clinical trials, was also searched in this review.
Results:
We have defined the basics of this technology and then mentioned some clinical and preclinical studies using this technology in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors as well as hematologic neoplasms. Finally, we described the progress made by this technology in boosting immune-mediated cell therapy in oncology, such as CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-M cells.
Conclusion:
CRISPR-Cas9 system revolutionized the therapeutic strategies in some solid malignant tumors and leukemia through targeting the key genes involved in the pathogenesis of these cancers.
Insights
The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool revolutionizes cancer treatment by precisely targeting and modifying genes involved in tumor development. This technology shows promise in treating both solid tumors and blood cancers, including enhancing immunotherapies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, allow precise manipulation of nucleic acid sequences.
- Genomic alterations are fundamental to cancer initiation and progression.
- CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying and modifying genes driving neoplastic processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in cancer research and treatment.
- To explore the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in managing solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
- To assess the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in advancing cancer immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar) and clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov).
- Searched using keywords: "CRISPR-Cas9", "Genome Editing", "Cancer", "Solid tumors", "Hematologic malignancy", "Immunotherapy", "Diagnosis", "Drug resistance".
Main Results:
- Overview of CRISPR-Cas9 technology basics and its application in preclinical and clinical studies for various solid tumors and hematologic neoplasms.
- Demonstrated progress in utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 to enhance immune-mediated cell therapies like CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M cells in oncology.
Conclusions:
- The CRISPR-Cas9 system has significantly transformed therapeutic strategies for certain solid malignant tumors and leukemias.
- Targeting key oncogenic genes with CRISPR-Cas9 offers a revolutionary approach to cancer treatment.
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