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Updated: Jun 8, 2025
07:15
Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
Published on: January 21, 2020
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Periodontal disease: A systemic condition
German E M Villoria1,2, Ricardo G Fischer1, Eduardo M B Tinoco1
1Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Periodontology 2000
|November 4, 2024
Summary
Periodontitis, traditionally viewed as a local oral condition, is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease. This paradigm shift highlights its impact on overall health and its connections to other chronic noncommunicable diseases.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Systemic Health
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology
Background:
- Periodontitis has historically been considered a localized inflammatory condition affecting only oral tissues.
- Numerous studies have demonstrated associations between periodontitis and various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus.
- However, the causal relationship and periodontitis's role as an independent risk factor remain challenging to ascertain due to the cross-sectional nature of many studies and the recent association with multimorbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a paradigm shift in considering periodontitis as a systemic disease, not merely a local oral condition.
- To emphasize that periodontitis affects an individual's overall systemic condition and well-being.
- To advocate for the dental and medical professions to integrate this new perspective into research and clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- This is an opinion paper, synthesizing existing research and proposing a new conceptual framework.
- It reviews the shared risk factors (environmental, lifestyle, genetic) and immunopathology between periodontitis and other systemic diseases.
- It analyzes the pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, and immunological states associated with periodontitis.
Main Results:
- Periodontitis shares common risk factors and immunopathology with many systemic diseases.
- Systemic diseases can create a pro-inflammatory state, increasing susceptibility to other chronic conditions, a phenomenon also observed in periodontitis.
- Periodontitis itself can influence the susceptibility and progression of other systemic diseases, and conversely, comorbidities can impact periodontal disease.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis should be recognized as a systemic disease with significant implications for an individual's overall health.
- This perspective reframes periodontal disease as part of the spectrum of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
- Adopting this view facilitates understanding periodontitis as a comorbid condition and recognizing how other comorbidities affect its initiation and progression.
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