Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

2.5K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.5K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

5.7K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.7K
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

6.2K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.2K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.1K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.1K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

8.7K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early Prone Positioning After Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery for Moderate-to-Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Is Safe and Shortens Duration of Mechanical Ventilation.

Critical care explorations·2026
Same author

A Specific tRNA Half, 3'tiRNA-GlyGCC, Regulates Hypoxic Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via Myrf-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Cell proliferation·2026
Same author

I-tRF-Asp Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Via hnRNPU Phase Separation, Which Affects TCF7L2 Alternative Splicing.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2026
Same author

<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. Polysaccharides Alleviate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Injury in Mice by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses, and Gut Microbiota.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Uncovering hidden patterns: use of infant feeding profiles in the first 6 months postpartum to inform the effectiveness of breastfeeding promotion programs.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

CircATXN2 exacerbates pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating the miR-138-5p/SMURF1 axis.

Respiratory research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

18.1K

Super-Enhancer-Driven Syndecan-4 Regulates Intercellular Communication in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Xiaoying Wang1,2, Xiangrui Zhu2,3, Wei Huang4

  • 1College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Daqing P. R. China.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|November 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Super-enhancers (SEs) drive syndecan-4 (SDC4) in pulmonary hypertension (PH). SDC4 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial dysfunction, offering new therapeutic targets for PH.

Keywords:
exosomeproliferationpulmonary hypertensionsuper‐enhancersyndecan‐4

More Related Videos

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

84.7K
Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

18.1K
Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

84.7K
Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves complex cellular crosstalk.
  • Super-enhancers (SEs) regulate pathological processes, but their role in PH is unclear.
  • Identifying SE-associated genes is crucial for PH therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel SE-associated genes in pulmonary hypertension.
  • To investigate the role of syndecan-4 (SDC4) in PH pathogenesis.
  • To explore SDC4's mechanism in cell-cell communication and vascular remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a hypoxia-induced PH model with SU5416.
  • Utilized ChIP-sequencing and qPCR to identify SE-associated genes.
  • Employed Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and cell coculture assays to elucidate mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified syndecan-4 (SDC4) as a novel SE-associated gene in hypoxic PASMCs.
  • SDC4 is transcriptionally regulated by early growth response 1 (EGR1) via an SE.
  • SDC4 overexpression in hypoxic PASMCs and PH patient plasma; SDC4 induces PASMC proliferation via PKCα ubiquitination and promotes endothelial dysfunction via exosomes.

Conclusions:

  • SE-driven SDC4 modulates PASMC and endothelial cell crosstalk in PH.
  • SDC4 promotes vascular remodeling through PKCα and exosome pathways.
  • SDC4 represents a potential therapeutic target for hypoxic PH.