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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Brainstem auditory evoked responses: Objective hearing threshold assessment in Holstein cows.

Alida Naudé¹, Lize-Mari Erasmus, Liesl De Swardt

¹Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC), Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria. alida@hearclearsa.co.za.

The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings

|November 4, 2024

Summary

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses (BAER) establish hearing thresholds in Holstein cows at 90 dB SPL. This research aids animal welfare by assessing farm noise impacts on auditory health.

Keywords:

BAER, cattle Holsteins cows absolute wave latencies animal audiology auditory sensitivity interpeak latencies

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

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Area of Science:

Veterinary audiology
Animal welfare science
Farm animal health

Background:

Animal audiology uses Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses (BAER) to assess hearing in animals.
Understanding auditory capabilities in Holstein dairy cows is vital for their welfare, especially concerning farm noise exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish preliminary normative BAER data for Holstein cows, focusing on wave latencies.
To evaluate the impact of farm noise on bovine hearing.
To expand the scope of practice for audiologists in animal audiology.

Main Methods:

Ten Holstein cows were tested using monoaural broadband click stimuli with contralateral masking.
Earphones with foam tips minimized environmental noise.
BAER responses were recorded using subdermal needle electrodes and analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Main Results:

Auditory thresholds for Holstein cows were determined to be 90 dB SPL (55 dB nHL).
Detailed wave and interpeak latencies were recorded across a range of sound pressure levels.
An average latency of 5.17 ms for wave V at 90 dB SPL identified the auditory threshold.

Conclusions:

Findings offer critical insights into Holstein cow auditory sensitivity.
BAER demonstrates potential for monitoring auditory health and assessing noise pollution effects in farm animals.
This research supports integrating animal audiology into practice for improved animal welfare and sustainable farming.