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Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Measuring Caspase Activity Using a Fluorometric Assay or Flow Cytometry
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Caspases promote cell proliferation after necrosis.

Prathibha Yarikipati1, Andreas Bergmann1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, United States.

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PubMed
Summary

Caspase enzymes initiate programmed cell death (apoptosis) and are crucial for tissue repair after cell death from necrosis. Understanding their role aids in developing regenerative medicine strategies.

Keywords:
D. melanogasterapoptosiscaspasescell deathnecrosisregenerationregenerative medicinestem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental biological process.
  • Necrosis is a form of cell death resulting from injury.
  • Enzymes known as caspases are key mediators of apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of caspases in tissue regeneration following necrosis.
  • To investigate the enzymatic mechanisms linking apoptosis and tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of caspase activity in cellular and tissue models of necrosis.
  • Biochemical assays to quantify caspase-mediated events.
  • Histological examination of tissue repair processes.

Main Results:

  • Caspase activation was observed during the clearance of necrotic cells.
  • Evidence suggests caspases facilitate subsequent tissue regeneration.
  • Specific caspase pathways were identified as critical for repair.

Conclusions:

  • Caspases play a dual role in cell death and tissue regeneration.
  • Targeting caspase activity may offer therapeutic potential for enhancing tissue repair after injury.