Epilepsy in CHAD: Realities, constraints, and prospects

Epilepsy is a significant public health problem. More than 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy, and over three-quarters of them are in low- and middle-income countries. The situation in Chad regarding people with epilepsy is challenging to assess, starting from the shortage of scientific data, the inadequacy of technical facilities, the lack of human resources, and the inadequacy of government action. The Ministry of Health and Chadian Society of Neurology are looking forward to prioritizing epilepsy as well as improving the living conditions of persons with this disease. The epilepsy treatment issue is also problematic. Most of the patients are either off treatment or under-medicated. Few antiseizure medications (ASMs) are available, notably carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproic acid. Epilepsy remains little-known and does not seem to be a priority for decision-makers. We describe the current situation in Chad, to improve the conditions under which epilepsy is treated. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Epilepsies is a chronic brain problem that is common in poorer settings. The daily lives of people with epilepsy are chaotic in Chad. The challenges are numerous, particularly those related to health infrastructures, due to the lack of adequate diagnostic means and the lack of neurologists. The cultural and language challenges, especially since epilepsy is still considered the devil's disease and the name differs according to the dialects. Stigmatization is also frequent and is often responsible for school dropout, refusal, or dismissal from work. Care and prevention are daily challenges that require government action. Social coverage is insufficient and almost absent in rural areas. It is urgent to prioritize epilepsy in future action plans and also to increase awareness of the conditions to overcome these challenges.