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Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on prostate cancer risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nikhil Sharma1, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib2, Ashok Kumar Balaraman3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101, India.

International Urology and Nephrology
|November 4, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) show a 28% reduced risk of prostate cancer in men, particularly those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This suggests GLP-1 RAs may help mitigate cancer risk alongside diabetes management.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading global malignancy in men.
  • Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are key treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Emerging research explores GLP-1 RAs' impact on cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between GLP-1 RA use and prostate cancer risk reduction.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in mitigating prostate cancer incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to July 30, 2024.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials, cohort, case-control, and observational studies.
  • Quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool; meta-analysis with a random effects model.

Main Results:

  • Five studies analyzed, revealing reduced prostate cancer risk with GLP-1 RA use.
  • Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant 28% reduction in prostate cancer risk (RR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.610 to 0.832).
  • Moderate heterogeneity (I²=51%) observed; sensitivity analysis confirmed findings.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1 RA use is significantly associated with reduced prostate cancer risk in men, especially those with T2DM.
  • GLP-1 RAs show potential as a cancer risk mitigation strategy beyond diabetes management.
  • Further research is needed to explore mechanisms, optimal dosages, and therapy durations.
Keywords:
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistsMeta-analysisProstate cancerSystematic review

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