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Dynamic Sub-Array Selection-Based Energy-Efficient Localization and Tracking Method to Power Implanted Medical

Anirudh Kumar Parag, Bogdan C Raducanu, Oguz Kaan Erden

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |November 4, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an energy-efficient ultrasound beamforming method for locating implantable medical devices. It dynamically selects transducer subarrays, improving power efficiency and movement tolerance for better wireless power transfer.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Acoustics
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Ultrasound (US) is a key wireless power transfer method for implantable medical devices (IMDs).
    • External transducer array patches (ETAP) use beamforming (BF) for IMD localization, but power efficiency and movement tolerance are challenges.
    • Optimizing ETAP resource use is critical for energy-constrained wearable patches and deep/shallow IMD applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an energy-efficient method for localizing mm-sized IMDs using dynamic sub-array selection on an ETAP.
    • To enhance tolerance to IMD movements and adapt to heterogeneous media without prior IMD knowledge.
    • To improve overall power efficiency in ultrasound-based wireless power transfer for IMDs.

    Main Methods:

    • Dynamic selection of ETAP sub-arrays for energy-efficient IMD localization.
    • Sub-array tracking by adding/subtracting elements to follow IMD movement.
    • K-wave simulations in MATLAB using heterogeneous, scattering biological media.
    • Experimental validation using 3D-printed human ribs and cancellous bone phantoms.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method achieves significant energy efficiency improvements: 10.53X over delay-and-sum BF and 14.4X over unfocused transmission.
    • Dynamic sub-array selection enhances power efficiency for energy-constrained wearable patches.
    • Tracking mechanism improves tolerance to IMD movements caused by respiration and ambulation.
    • A sampling frequency of 10X US frequency enhances tolerance to random noise.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented energy-efficient method effectively localizes mm-sized IMDs in complex media.
    • Dynamic sub-array selection and tracking offer robust and power-efficient solutions for IMD wireless power transfer.
    • This approach overcomes limitations of standard BF methods, paving the way for advanced IMD applications.