Immunologic and inflammatory pathogenesis of chronic coronary syndromes: A review

Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a major cause of progression to acute coronary syndrome. Due to its insidious onset and complex etiology, this condition is often underestimated and insufficiently recognized, and traditional interventions for risk factors do not effectively control the disease progression. Current research suggests that immune and inflammatory pathways contribute to atherosclerosis and its clinical complications, thereby triggering the progression of CCS to acute coronary syndrome. This article primarily reviews the possible mechanisms of immune and inflammatory responses in CCS, with the aim of providing references for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CCS.