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Immediate response to resistive loading in anesthetized humans.

W A Zin, P K Behrakis, S C Luijendijk

    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Anesthetized humans adjust to breathing resistance via intrinsic mechanisms, not altered neural drive. Airway pressure (Poao) reflects available driving pressure for breathing movements.

    Area of Science:

    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Anesthesia Research
    • Pulmonary Mechanics

    Background:

    • Understanding respiratory mechanics is crucial in anesthesia.
    • Previous studies often focused on neural drive responses to breathing loads.
    • Limited data exists on intrinsic mechanisms of respiratory adaptation in anesthetized humans.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify inspiratory driving pressure (Poao) in anesthetized subjects.
    • To assess the immediate response to added inspiratory resistive loads (delta R).
    • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying respiratory adaptation to resistive loads.

    Main Methods:

    • Eight spontaneously breathing, anesthetized subjects (halothane) were studied.
    • Inspiratory driving pressure (Poao) was measured via airway occlusion.

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  • Active inspiratory impedance and response to added resistive loads (delta R) were determined.

    • Main Results:

    • The Poao waveform in humans differed from animal models.
    • Immediate response to delta R was primarily due to intrinsic, non-neural factors.
    • Model predictions of tidal volume response to delta R closely matched experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • Anesthetized humans adapt to inspiratory resistive loads via intrinsic mechanisms.
    • Airway pressure at the airway opening (Poao) accurately reflects available driving pressure.
    • Endotracheal tube resistance must be considered in studies of neuromuscular drive.