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A multiple biomolecules-based rapid life detection protocol embedded in a rover scientific subsystem for soil sample

Akib Zaman1,2, Fardeen Ashraf3, Haseena Khan4

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, United City, Vatara, 1200, Dhaka, Bangladesh. akibzaman19@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a rapid, resource-efficient protocol for detecting extraterrestrial life by analyzing multiple biomolecules in soil samples. The developed system demonstrates high accuracy and speed, crucial for constrained planetary missions.

Keywords:
Computer-aided analysisLife detectionLife-detection rover subsystemMultiple biomolecule integrationQualitative test-scoring

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology and Astrobiological Instrumentation
  • Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Chemical Analysis and Biosignature Detection

Background:

  • Detecting extraterrestrial life requires precise, unambiguous experimental studies, often constrained by time, resources, and mobility.
  • Existing life detection frameworks primarily focus on identifying specific biomolecules, potentially increasing mission complexity and cost.
  • There is a need for efficient protocols that can make life detection decisions based on empirical data under resource limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient protocol for extraterrestrial life detection using chemical analysis under time and resource constraints.
  • To achieve biomolecule detection with minimal operational expense and mission complexity.
  • To improve overall mission performance by integrating multiple, less complex biomolecular detections within a robust framework.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a rapid multiple biomolecules-based life detection protocol (MBLDP-R) from scratch for scientific rover subsystems.
  • Utilized artificial biomolecule samples and simulated extraterrestrial environments to demonstrate the protocol's end-to-end process.
  • Selected key biomolecules (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, ammonia, pigments) and applied weighted qualitative test scoring for method selection and in-situ analysis.

Main Results:

  • The MBLDP-R protocol achieved high prediction accuracy, with an average F1-score of 98.65% (macro) and 90.00% (micro).
  • The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) indicated correct prediction of sample categories 92% of the time (97% Extant, 88% Extinct, 92% No Life Present).
  • The protocol demonstrated time efficiency, with an average completion time of 17.60 minutes for onboard sample analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The MBLDP-R protocol is a time-efficient and accurate method for detecting biosignatures in soil samples, suitable for planetary missions.
  • This research provides a valuable framework for designing mission-specific scientific systems with limited resources.
  • The study offers a reference point for constraint evaluation methods in similar extraterrestrial life detection systems.