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Injuries from border wall falls after 2018 are more severe: a retrospective cohort study.

Gregory H Whitcher1, Susan F McLean2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA. gregwhitcher24@gmail.com.

Injury Epidemiology
|November 4, 2024
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Summary

Injuries from crossing the U.S.-Mexico border wall have increased in severity and frequency since 2018. This rise in border wall injuries necessitates more resources for trauma centers and emergency departments.

Keywords:
BorderEpidemiologyFallsImmigrationTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Border Security

Background:

  • The U.S.-Mexico border wall in El Paso was expanded starting in 2018.
  • This expansion followed Presidential Executive Order 13,767.
  • The study hypothesized increased injury incidence and severity due to wall changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of U.S.-Mexico border wall modifications on injury patterns.
  • To analyze changes in injury severity and hospital resource utilization post-2018.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort review of trauma registry data (2001-2022).
  • Analysis included Injury Severity Score (ISS), hospital and ICU length-of-stay, and survival.
  • Statistical tests (Chi-square, Fisher's exact, T-test, Mann Whitney U) compared pre- and post-2018 data.

Main Results:

  • 842 patients reviewed; 69 pre-2018, 773 post-2018.
  • Mean ISS increased significantly from 6.3 to 8.3 (p < .001).
  • Mean hospital length-of-stay increased significantly from 6.7 to 9.5 days (p < .005).

Conclusions:

  • Border wall height increases correlate with higher incidence and severity of border crossing injuries.
  • Emergency departments and trauma centers require more resources for this patient population.
  • The cost-effectiveness and public health impact of border wall construction warrant further consideration.