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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Effects of mechanical ventilation on neurodevelopment at 12 months in preterm low birth weight pediatric patients: a

Valerie Vargas Caicedo1, Marta de la Plaza San Frutos1, Maria Dolores Sosa Reina1

  • 1Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|November 5, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Mechanical ventilation poses a risk to neurological development in premature infants. Prolonged exposure and specific ventilation types significantly impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in low-birth-weight infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Developmental pediatrics

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation (MV) directly impacts the neonatal central nervous system.
  • Understanding long-term neurological effects in premature infants is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific evidence on the effects of mechanical ventilation on neurological development.
  • Focus on low-birth-weight premature infants beyond 12 months corrected age.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search (2003-2024) across major databases (PubMed, Cochrane, etc.).
  • Included 10 cohort and cross-sectional studies assessing neurodevelopment.
  • Articles scored using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical ventilation identified as an independent neurodevelopmental risk factor.
  • Exposure duration and ventilation type showed strongest evidence.
  • Neurodevelopmental assessments covered multiple domains.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical ventilation is a significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental issues in preterm infants.
  • Time and type of ventilation are key variables influencing outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
invasive mechanical ventilationmechanical ventilationneurodevelopmentnewbornnon-invasive ventilatory supportpremature birth

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