Non-consensual Sex Among Japanese Women in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Nationwide Survey-Based Study

Introduction and background Non-consensual sex, including rape and sexual assault, has been a global concern and may have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, information on this topic is limited. Therefore, our objective was to survey the incidence rate of non-consensual sex among Japanese women aged 15-79 years between April and September 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Materials and methods We utilized data from a sample of approximately 2.2 million individuals who participated in a web-based self-reported questionnaire survey from a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey conducted in Japan between August and September 2020. Sampling weights were applied to calculate national estimates, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with non-consensual sex. Data were extracted from a web-based, self-administered survey of approximately 2.2 million individuals. Results The study examined the incidence of non-consensual sex among 12,809 women with valid responses, finding an overall rate of 1.1% across all participants. Higher rates were observed among women aged 20-29 (2.4%) and employed women (1.5%) compared to unemployed women (0.7%). No significant difference was noted based on living areas. Increased FCV-19S scores, worsening or improving mental health before COVID-19, suicidal thoughts, and feelings of isolation were all linked to higher incidence rates. Non-payment of salary and lack of money for necessities also correlated with higher rates. Key risk factors included age 15-19 or 20-29, employment, financial instability, suicidal thoughts, and isolation. Notably, 20% of women aged 15-19 reported suicidal ideation. Conclusions This study underscores the critical need for mental and financial support for young women, highlighting the importance of early intervention for economically vulnerable groups. Comprehensive education on sexual consent is essential, especially during societal upheavals like the COVID-19 pandemic, to prevent non-consensual sex and support affected individuals.