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Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Andreas S Papazoglou1, Konstantinos G Kyriakoulis2, Konstantinos Barmpagiannos3

  • 1Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece.

JACC. Advances
|November 5, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) have similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors as the general population. Exceptions include higher diabetes mellitus rates and lower smoking rates in ACHD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) face risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) comparable to the general population.
  • These risks are primarily influenced by traditional ASCVD risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors in ACHD patients.
  • To compare the prevalence of these risk factors in ACHD patients with the general population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search identified relevant studies up to May 15, 2024.
  • Meta-analyses synthesized prevalence data and compared ACHD patients with control groups where available.

Main Results:

  • The study analyzed 62 studies involving 110,469 ACHD patients.
  • Prevalence rates were similar between ACHD patients and controls for hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and physical inactivity.
  • Notably, ACHD patients showed a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and a lower prevalence of smoking compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional ASCVD risk factor prevalence, excluding diabetes mellitus and smoking, is comparable between ACHD patients and the general population.
  • Further research is required to ascertain the efficacy of general population interventions for ASCVD risk reduction in ACHD patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
adultsatherosclerosiscardiovascular preventioncongenital heart diseaseprevalencetraditional risk factors

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