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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Fetal Circulation01:14

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Standards of Care II

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Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:
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Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
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Quality improvement bundles to decrease hypothermia in very low/extremely low birth weight infants at birth: a

Guichao Zhong1, Jie Qi1, Lijuan Sheng1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Peerj
|November 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Quality improvement bundles reduce hypothermia in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. However, these interventions may increase the risk of hyperthermia, particularly in VLBW infants.

Keywords:
Extremely low birth weight infantsHypothermiaMeta-analysisQuality improvementVery low birth weight infants

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric quality improvement
  • Perinatal medicine

Background:

  • Hypothermia in preterm infants, especially those with very low or extremely low birth weights (VLBW/ELBW), is linked to increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Healthcare facilities are increasingly adopting quality improvement (QI) bundles to mitigate hypothermia at birth in this vulnerable population.
  • The efficacy and safety of these QI bundles require thorough assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of QI bundles in reducing hypothermia at birth among VLBW/ELBW infants.
  • To assess the safety of QI bundles, specifically examining the incidence of hyperthermia.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to April 22nd, 2024.
  • Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two investigators.
  • Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1, including 18 studies for qualitative analysis and 12 for quantitative meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • For VLBW infants, QI bundles significantly reduced mild and moderate hypothermia (OR 0.22, 95% CI [0.13-0.37]; OR 0.18, 95% CI [0.15-0.22], respectively) but increased hyperthermia (OR 2.79, 95% CI [1.53-5.09]).
  • For ELBW infants, QI bundles decreased mild and moderate hypothermia (OR 0.46, 95% CI [0.26-0.81]; OR 0.21, 95% CI [0.08-0.58], respectively) with no significant increase in hyperthermia (OR 1.10, 95% CI [0.22-5.43]).

Conclusions:

  • QI bundles are effective in reducing hypothermia in both VLBW and ELBW infants.
  • A potential increase in hyperthermia, particularly in VLBW infants, necessitates careful monitoring and consideration when implementing QI bundles.