Recent advances in graphdiyne for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Addressing the pressing issues of energy depletion and environmental contamination requires the advancement of renewable energy sources. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology is considered an ideal solution due to its advantages of direct solar energy supply, environmental protection and pollution-free process. A catalyst with excellent performance has become an urgent need for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Graphdiyne (GDY) containing sp- and sp²-hybridized carbon networks is a new two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope. In 2010, Li and his team were the first to synthesize GDY, characterized by diacetylene bonds, conjugated systems, and a diverse distribution of surface spacing and pores. This material exhibits tunable electronic properties and remarkable chemical stability that are expected to be stronger and more adjustable than those of graphene. As a new carbon material, its unique 1,3-diyne bonds, hybrid benzene rings, CC bond and CC bond construct its stable planar structure, giving it excellent stability. This review examines the synthesis, properties, and applications of photocatalysis involving GDY and outlines the research and advancements of photocatalysts based on GDY, specifically for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Lastly, the paper addresses the challenges and future opportunities in the advancement of GDY-based photocatalysts for this purpose.