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Related Concept Videos

The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

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Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
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Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

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Extracellular Matrix Limits Nanoparticle Diffusion and Cellular Uptake in a Tissue-Specific Manner.

Devorah Cahn1,2, Alexa Stern1, Michael Buckenmeyer2

  • 1Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.

ACS Nano
|November 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticle coatings are crucial for overcoming the extracellular matrix (ECM) barrier in diseases. Optimal poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating strategies enhance nanoparticle diffusion and cellular uptake, improving therapeutic delivery.

Keywords:
PEGylationdecellularized ECMextracellular matrixmultiple particle trackingnanoparticle drug delivery

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in diseases like cancer impedes nanoparticle drug delivery.
  • Understanding tissue-specific ECM barriers is critical for effective nanoparticle design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) properties affect nanoparticle diffusion and cellular uptake.
  • To determine the influence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain length and branching on nanoparticle penetration through ECM barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescence video microscopy to assess nanoparticle diffusion in various ECMs.
  • Employed flow cytometry to quantify cellular uptake of nanoparticles.
  • Evaluated nanoparticle behavior in purified collagen and decellularized ECM from liver, lung, and small intestine submucosa.

Main Results:

  • Purified collagen presented a significant barrier to nanoparticle diffusion compared to decellularized tissue ECMs.
  • Dense poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings dramatically enhanced nanoparticle diffusion (up to 2000-fold) and cellular uptake (up to 5-fold) in ECM.
  • Nanoparticle mobility and optimal PEGylation strategy varied significantly with ECM type and concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Low molecular weight PEG coatings offer a balance between ECM penetration and cellular uptake.
  • Branched PEG coatings demonstrated tissue-specific enhancements in ECM penetration and cellular uptake.
  • Findings provide insights for designing nanoparticles that effectively navigate tissue-specific ECM barriers for improved therapeutic efficacy.