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Robust, High-Temperature-Resistant Polyimide Separators with Vertically Aligned Uniform Nanochannels for

Qizhong Zhang1,2,3, Linjing Chen4, Xuanlin Li1,3

  • 1Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.

ACS Nano
|November 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new polyimide separator for lithium-ion batteries, offering improved thermal stability and uniform ion flow. These advanced separators enhance battery safety and performance, enabling longer cycle life and higher operating temperatures.

Keywords:
functional separatorshomogeneous Li-ion distributionpolyimide separatorsthermal runawaytrack-etched membranes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Conventional polyolefin separators in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit poor thermal stability and non-uniform pore structures.
  • These limitations hinder effective prevention of thermal shrinkage and lithium dendrite growth, compromising battery safety and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust, high-temperature-resistant polyimide (PI) separator with vertically aligned nanochannels for enhanced LIBs.
  • To improve ionic conductivity, lithium-ion transport, and overall battery safety and cycle life.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polyimide track-etched membranes (PITEMs) using ion track-etching technology.
  • Characterization of PITEMs for ionic conductivity, Li+ transfer number, and thermal stability.
  • Electrochemical testing of PITEMs in various LIB configurations (Li/Li, Li/LiFePO4, graphite/LiFePO4 pouch cells) at different temperatures.

Main Results:

  • PITEMs exhibit enhanced ionic conductivity (0.57 mS cm-1) and a high Li+ transfer number (0.61).
  • Significant improvements in cycle life for Li/Li cells (1200 h) and capacity retention in Li/LiFePO4 cells (83.88% after 300 cycles at room temp, 85.92% after 200 cycles at 80 °C).
  • Pouch cells with PITEMs show excellent cycling stability (73.25% capacity after 1000 cycles at room temp) and can operate at 150 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PI separator effectively addresses limitations of traditional separators, offering superior thermal stability and uniform ion distribution.
  • PITEMs demonstrate significant potential for enhancing the safety and electrochemical performance of LIBs.
  • The fabrication method is suitable for mass production via roll-to-roll techniques, paving the way for advanced battery manufacturing.