Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

The Central Dogma

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

What is Genetic Engineering?

What is Genetic Engineering?

What is Monogastric Digestion?

What is Monogastric Digestion?

The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The futility of attempts to rehabilitate fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026

Same author

Heterozygote advantage cannot explain MHC diversity, but MHC diversity can explain heterozygote advantage.

eLife·2026

Same author

Genomic epidemiology of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> in poultry production: Quantifying the contribution of primary breeders.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Beyond Euglycemia: Case Studies Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Elite Athletes Without Diabetes During Record Athletic Events.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Glucose Metrics Over Time in Physically Active Adults Without Diabetes Using a Commercial Continuous Glucose Monitoring Application.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026

Same author

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Elite-Level Professional European Football Players.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Published on: December 23, 2022

Genomic perspectives on foodborne illness.

David J Lipman¹, Joshua L Cherry^2,3, Errol Strain¹

¹Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD 20740.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|November 5, 2024

Summary

Whole-genome sequencing reveals that foodborne pathogen contamination episodes, like Salmonella, often persist for years and affect multiple states. Young children show higher susceptibility to these infections.

Keywords:

bacterial pathogens food safety whole genome sequencing

More Related Videos

Quasi-metagenomic Analysis of Salmonella from Food and Environmental Samples

Quasi-metagenomic Analysis of Salmonella from Food and Environmental Samples

Published on: October 25, 2018

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Published on: June 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Published on: December 23, 2022

Quasi-metagenomic Analysis of Salmonella from Food and Environmental Samples

Quasi-metagenomic Analysis of Salmonella from Food and Environmental Samples

Published on: October 25, 2018

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Published on: June 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Foodborne illness
Microbial genomics
Public health surveillance

Background:

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is crucial for linking food poisoning cases to contamination sources.
Most foodborne illnesses are sporadic and not investigated due to limited genetic differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze clusters of bacterial pathogen isolates (Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter, Listeria) with minimal genetic differences (SNPs).
To identify characteristics of the contamination episodes underlying these clusters.

Main Methods:

Examined clusters of whole-genome sequences from clinical isolates of four key bacterial pathogens.
Analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences to infer relationships and duration of contamination events.

Main Results:

Younger age groups exhibit increased susceptibility to Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter infections.
A significant proportion of contamination episodes are long-lasting, with 50% of Salmonella clusters persisting for nearly three years.
Most cases across all four pathogens occurred in multi-state clusters, suggesting widespread commercial food contamination.

Conclusions:

WGS analysis of SNP clusters provides insights into foodborne contamination episode dynamics.
Findings highlight the prolonged nature of contamination events and the role of commercially distributed foods.
Age-related susceptibility patterns were observed, with nuances for specific Salmonella serovars.