Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

17.4K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
17.4K
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

4.7K
Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.
4.7K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

555
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
555
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:19

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2.5K
Intermolecular forces dictate several physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, solubilities, and so forth. They are classified into four types: ionic forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole forces, and dispersion forces. Ionic forces are the strongest, while dispersion forces are the weakest.
Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, the boiling points of acid chlorides and esters are very similar and are the lowest in the series. Acid anhydrides have slightly higher boiling...
2.5K
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

43.9K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
43.9K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

17.3K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
17.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sulfone-decorated hypercrosslinked polymers for sacrificial light-driven hydrogen evolution from water.

Journal of materials chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Solvent-free formation of a disulfide/sulfone polymer network for salt-driven atmospheric water harvesting.

Materials chemistry frontiers·2026
Same author

Fluorinated Hypercrosslinked Polymers with Exceptional Capacity for Perfluorooctanoic Acid Removal from Water.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis using Fe-Based MOFs: The Role of Ligand Functionalization.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Entropic-dielectric interplay governs ion adsorption in inner electric double layers.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Spiers Memorial Lecture: Vibrations at interfaces.

Faraday discussions·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

7.6K

Understanding acid-glycol switchable emulsifiers on the molecular scale.

Mirela Encheva1, Emina Muratspahic2, Clara-Magdalena Saak3

  • 1University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DosChem), Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|November 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) emulsifiers work at the molecular level. At low pH, H-bonds cause aggregation, while at high pH, electrostatic repulsion stabilizes oil/water emulsions.

Keywords:
Hydrogen bondsPolymer interactionResponsive polymerSwitchable emulsifierVibrational spectroscopy

More Related Videos

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices
11:08

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Published on: July 3, 2018

7.7K
In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
10:20

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

7.6K
Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices
11:08

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Published on: July 3, 2018

7.7K
In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
10:20

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Surface Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Emulsion Technology

Background:

  • Switchable emulsifiers are crucial for controlling emulsion stability.
  • Current understanding of switchable emulsifiers lacks molecular-level detail.
  • Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) form pH-responsive emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind PMAA/PEGMA switchable emulsifier behavior.
  • To elucidate the role of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in emulsion stability.
  • To understand droplet aggregation and stabilization at the molecular scale.

Main Methods:

  • Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was employed.
  • PMAA/PEGMA polymer films on water surfaces were analyzed.
  • Spectra were compared under acidic (pH 2.5) and basic (pH 11.5) conditions.

Main Results:

  • At pH 2.5, MAA-EG H-bonds and MAA=MAA cyclic dimers contribute to droplet aggregation.
  • At pH 11.5, PMAA deprotonation and solvation induce polymer restructuring.
  • PMAA chains form a negatively charged shell, providing electrostatic stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular-level insights into PMAA/PEGMA switchable emulsifier mechanisms were gained.
  • Hydrogen bonding drives aggregation at low pH, while electrostatic repulsion stabilizes at high pH.
  • This study provides a foundation for designing advanced switchable emulsion systems.