A tranexamic acid-functionalized acellular dermal matrix sponge co-loaded with magnesium ions: Enhancing hemostasis, vascular regeneration, and re-epithelialization for comprehensive diabetic wound healing

Excessive inflammation, accumulation of wound exudate, and blood seepage are common in diabetic wounds, hindering cell proliferation and disrupting tissue remodeling, leading to delayed healing. This study presents a multifunctional sponge scaffold (P₅T₃@Mg) created by combining an acellular dermal matrix with tranexamic acid and MgO nanoparticles, designed for hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. The P₅T₃@Mg scaffold effectively absorbs wound fluid while promoting healing. In vivo and in vitro hemostasis experiments demonstrate that the P₅T₃@Mg sponge exhibits excellent hydrophilicity, enhancing blood absorption at the wound site, inhibiting fibrinolysis, and expediting hemostasis. Additionally, the sustained release of Mg²⁺ from the P₅T₃@Mg sponge promotes collagen deposition and angiogenesis in diabetic rat wounds, suppressing chronic inflammation and accelerating tissue remodeling and repair.