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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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The primary cilia: Orchestrating cranial neural crest cell development.

Hiroyuki Yamaguchi1, Matthew D Meyer2, William B Barrell3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
|November 5, 2024
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Primary cilia act as cellular antennae regulating cell growth. Understanding their function in cranial neural crest cells is key to unraveling craniofacial ciliopathies.

Keywords:
CiliaCiliogenesisCranial neural crest cellsCraniofacial developmentSignal transduction

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Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles crucial for cell signaling.
  • Dysfunctional cilia cause craniofacial ciliopathies, but mechanisms are unclear.
  • Cilia regulate cell growth and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of primary cilia in cranial neural crest cells.
  • To explore potential ciliogenesis mechanisms in cranial neural crest cells.
  • To elucidate the pathogenesis of craniofacial ciliopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research.
  • Discussion of primary cilia structure and function.
  • Analysis of ciliogenesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • Primary cilia act as signaling hubs in cranial neural crest cells.
  • Ciliogenesis is essential for normal craniofacial development.
  • Defects in cilia impact cell growth and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia play a vital role in cranial neural crest cell function.
  • Understanding ciliogenesis mechanisms can clarify craniofacial ciliopathy pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand cilia's role in craniofacial development.