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Spitz tumours and mimickers.

Arnaud de la Fouchardière1,2, María Eugenia Mazzei3, María Pastor3

  • 1Department de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France. arnaud.delafouchardiere@lyon.unicancer.fr.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|November 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Spitz tumours, often challenging in dermatopathology, are linked to gene fusions. Despite varied presentations and potential lymph node involvement, these lesions generally have a favorable prognosis.

Keywords:
Atypical Spitz tumoursSpitz melanomaSpitz nevusSpitz tumours

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatopathology
  • Paediatric Pathology
  • Molecular Pathology

Background:

  • Spitz tumours, first described in 1948, present diagnostic challenges.
  • Molecular pathology links these tumours to specific gene fusions.
  • They exhibit diverse clinical and histological presentations, ranging from Spitz nevi to rare Spitz melanomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the morphological spectrum of Spitz tumours.
  • To highlight rare subtypes and their associated genetic drivers.
  • To provide diagnostic clues for differentiating Spitz tumours from mimickers like melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on Spitz tumours.
  • Analysis of morphological features and associated genetic anomalies.
  • Comparison with differential diagnoses, particularly superficial spreading melanoma.

Main Results:

  • Most Spitz lesions are benign Spitz nevi; atypical Spitz tumours and Spitz melanomas are rare.
  • Genetic characterization confirms a generally favorable prognosis, even with lymph node metastasis.
  • Morphological variations can correlate with specific genetic drivers.

Conclusions:

  • Spitz tumours encompass a spectrum of lesions with diverse morphology.
  • Understanding genetic drivers aids in diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Distinguishing Spitz tumours from melanoma requires careful evaluation of specific diagnostic clues.