Big data in breast cancer: Towards precision treatment

Breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadliest cancer among women globally, representing a major threat to public health. In response, the World Health Organization has established the Global Breast Cancer Initiative framework to reduce breast cancer mortality through global collaboration. The integration of big data analytics (BDA) and precision medicine has transformed our understanding of breast cancer's biological traits and treatment responses. By harnessing large-scale datasets - encompassing genetic, clinical, and environmental data - BDA has enhanced strategies for breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, driving the advancement of precision oncology and personalised care. Despite the increasing importance of big data in breast cancer research, comprehensive studies remain sparse, underscoring the need for more systematic investigation. This review evaluates the contributions of big data to breast cancer precision medicine while addressing the associated opportunities and challenges. Through the application of big data, we aim to deepen insights into breast cancer pathogenesis, optimise therapeutic approaches, improve patient outcomes, and ultimately contribute to better survival rates and quality of life. This review seeks to provide a foundation for future research in breast cancer prevention, treatment, and management.