Alginate Use in Orthopedics and Peripheral Nerve Repair: A Systematic Review
Matthew T Eisenberg1, Joshua W Hustedt2
1Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA.
Cureus
|November 6, 2024
Summary
Alginate, a seaweed derivative, shows promise in orthopedic surgery for cartilage repair and joint cushioning. Future applications focus on peripheral nerve repair by promoting nerve regeneration and blocking scar tissue formation.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Alginate, derived from seaweed, has a documented history of safe use in orthopedic applications.
- Current orthopedic uses include articular cartilage repair, lumbar disc regeneration, and osteoarthritis joint cushioning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing applications of alginate in orthopedics.
- To explore the potential of alginate for peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across biomechanical, laboratory, animal, and human studies.
- A systematic review focused on the safety and efficacy of alginate in orthopedic indications.
- Specific attention was given to alginate's role in peripheral nerve repair.
Main Results:
- Thirty-two studies were identified, confirming alginate's strong safety profile in orthopedic surgery.
- Alginate has been successfully used for articular cartilage repair, disc regeneration, and joint cushioning.
- In peripheral nerve repair, alginate creates an environment conducive to Schwann cell migration and nerve regeneration while inhibiting fibroblast activity and scar formation.
Conclusions:
- Alginate possesses a favorable safety and efficacy profile for various orthopedic applications.
- Alginate hydrogels show significant potential as conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration, particularly for small to medium nerve gaps.
