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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

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Emerging Techniques in Spatial Multiomics: Fundamental Principles and Applications to Dermatology.

Bojing B Jia1, Bryan K Sun2, Ernest Y Lee3

  • 1Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|November 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Spatial multi-omics allows simultaneous analysis of genomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data within single tissue slices. This technology preserves spatial context, advancing molecular pathology and dermatologic research.

Keywords:
DermatopathologyDigital pathologyMultiomicsMultiplexed imagingSpatial sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular pathology
  • Genomics
  • Proteomics
  • Epigenomics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Traditional molecular pathology techniques like genomic and proteomic profiling require tissue dissociation, leading to loss of critical histologic and spatial information.
  • Existing methods often necessitate labeling multiple tissue slices for comprehensive analysis, increasing complexity and potential for error.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles, advantages, limitations, and potential applications of emerging spatial multi-omic technologies.
  • To highlight how these technologies can advance dermatologic research by preserving spatial context in molecular profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial multi-omic technologies enable multiplexed visualization of genomic, proteomic, and epigenomic targets within a single tissue slice.
  • These technologies offer spatially-resolved single-cell resolution, capable of capturing DNA, genome accessibility, histone modifications, and proteins concurrently.
  • Review of current literature and technological advancements in spatial biology.

Main Results:

  • Spatial multi-omics overcomes the limitations of tissue dissociation by analyzing multiple molecular layers within intact tissue.
  • The technology allows for joint profiling of diverse molecular channels, moving beyond spatial transcriptomics to include DNA, epigenetics, and proteins.
  • Enables detailed spatial mapping of molecular features at single-cell resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial multi-omics represents a significant advancement for molecular pathology, particularly in dermatology, by retaining spatial context.
  • This approach facilitates novel investigations into complex biological questions, such as copy number variations, clonal heterogeneity, and enhancer dysregulation within the skin.
  • The technology promises to illuminate the intricate cellular and molecular heterogeneity of skin conditions.