[Mpox-diagnosis, treatment, immunization, and prognosis]
Michael Buerke1, Priyanka Böttger2,3, Henning Lemm2
1Medizinische Klinik II, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, St. Marien-Krankenhaus Siegen, Kampenstr. 51, 57072, Siegen, Deutschland. m.buerke@mariengesellschaft.de.
Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin
|November 6, 2024
Summary
Mpox (monkeypox) is a global concern, declared a public health emergency in 2024. This zoonotic virus spreads through contact and causes a distinctive rash, with supportive care and vaccines offering protection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreaks gained global attention starting May 2022.
- The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency on August 14, 2024, due to rising Mpox infections.
- Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus, an Orthopoxvirus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the Mpox virus, its transmission, symptoms, and clinical management.
- To highlight the global health implications and response to recent Mpox outbreaks.
- To discuss diagnostic methods, treatment options, and preventive measures including vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature and public health reports on Mpox.
- Analysis of viral characteristics, transmission routes, and clinical manifestations.
- Examination of diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, and vaccine efficacy.
Main Results:
- Mpox virus transmission occurs via direct contact, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects, with an incubation period of 5-21 days.
- Characteristic symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, and a progressive skin rash. Lymphadenopathy is a key distinguishing feature.
- Two clades exist: Clade I (Central Africa) and Clade II (West Africa), with Clade IIb responsible for the 2022 outbreak.
Conclusions:
- Diagnosis relies on PCR testing of skin lesions; supportive care is primary, with antivirals like tecovirimat showing efficacy.
- Vaccination (e.g., MVA-BN, ACAM2000) is crucial for prevention.
- Prognosis varies by clade, healthcare access, and patient health status; immunocompromised individuals and children face higher risks.
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