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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
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Paediatric diagnostic reference levels for common computed tomography procedures: A systematic review.

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Summary

Paediatric diagnostic reference levels (PDRLs) for brain CT scans show up to a twofold variation due to differing scan protocols. Standardizing PDRL establishment methods is crucial for global CT practice optimization.

Keywords:
CTDRLsPDRLsPaediatricsRadiation dose

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Radiation Protection

Background:

  • Previous reviews identified wide variations in paediatric diagnostic reference levels (PDRLs) and CT scanning protocols.
  • Significant deviations in PDRLs were noted across different CT centers for common paediatric procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the extent of PDRL variation for specific paediatric CT procedures.
  • To identify factors contributing to PDRL variability between scanners and institutions.
  • To inform the global standardization of CT practice.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using PRISMA guidelines across multiple databases (Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar).
  • Screening of 6573 retrieved articles against established criteria.
  • Narrative synthesis of data from 52 selected articles.

Main Results:

  • Brain PDRLs exhibited variation up to a twofold factor for identical examinations and age groups.
  • Scan protocol settings, including phantom sizes, dose parameters, and age group definitions, were key factors in dose variations.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial variability exists in paediatric brain CT PDRLs, influenced by protocol settings.
  • Standardized methods for establishing PDRLs are necessary.
  • Alignment with European Commission and ICRP guidelines is recommended for dose optimization.