Biotechnological applications of purine and pyrimidine deaminases

Deaminases, ubiquitous enzymes found in all living organisms from bacteria to humans, serve diverse and crucial functions. Notably, purine and pyrimidine deaminases, while biologically essential for regulating nucleotide pools, exhibit exceptional versatility in biotechnology. This review systematically consolidates current knowledge on deaminases, showcasing their potential uses and relevance in the field of biotechnology. Thus, their transformative impact on pharmaceutical manufacturing is highlighted as catalysts for the synthesis of nucleic acid derivatives. Additionally, the role of deaminases in food bioprocessing and production is also explored, particularly in purine content reduction and caffeine production, showcasing their versatility in this field. The review also delves into most promising biomedical applications including deaminase-based GDEPT and genome and transcriptome editing by deaminase-based systems. All in all, illustrated with practical examples, we underscore the role of purine and pyrimidine deaminases in advancing sustainable and efficient biotechnological practices. Finally, the review highlights future challenges and prospects in deaminase-based biotechnological processes, encompassing both industrial and medical perspectives.