Research progress on extraction techniques, structure-activity relationship, and biological functional mechanism of...

In recent years, polysaccharides extracted from berries have received great attention due to their various bioactivities. However, the preparation and application of berry polysaccharides have been greatly limited due to the lack of efficient extraction techniques, unclear structure-activity relationships, and ambiguous functional mechanisms. This review discusses the technological progress in solvent extraction, assisted extraction, critical extraction, and combination extraction. The structure-activity relationship and functional mechanism (antioxidation, hypoglycemic, immunoregulation etc.) of berry polysaccharides are reviewed. After systematic exploration, we believe that industrial production is more suitable for using efficient and low-cost extraction methods, such as ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction. And some of the bioactivities (antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic activity, etc.) of berry polysaccharides are closely related to their structure (molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, branching structure, etc.). Besides, berry polysaccharides exhibit bioactivities by regulating enzyme activity, cellular metabolism, gene expression, and other pathways to exert their effects on the body. These findings indicate the potential of berry polysaccharides as functional foods and drugs. This paper will contribute to the preparation, bioactivity research, and application of berry polysaccharides.