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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
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Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction Before and After Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients.

So Young Yoon1, Jeeyoung Oh2

  • 1Department of Oncology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea)
|November 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD) is a common complication in cancer patients, affecting quality of life and treatment outcomes. Early detection and management of CAD are crucial for improving patient well-being during cancer therapy.

Keywords:
cancerchemotherapydysautonomiaparaneoplastic syndromes

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cancer therapy complications significantly impact patient quality of life.
  • Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD) is an understudied complication of cancer treatment.
  • CAD is linked to adverse treatment outcomes and distressing symptoms in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in cancer patients.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing CAD for improved patient quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in the context of cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of CAD's multifactorial etiology, including cancer, chemotherapy, radiation, and comorbidities.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches and management strategies for CAD.

Main Results:

  • CAD presents with nonspecific symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension and resting tachycardia.
  • Early identification and intervention for CAD are vital for patient tolerance of cancer treatment.
  • Comprehensive management, including nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches, can improve quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is a common and potentially serious complication in cancer patients.
  • Evaluating and managing CAD before and after chemotherapy can enhance patient quality of life.
  • Further research and clinical attention to CAD are warranted in oncology care.