[Characteristics and eye disease distribution of HIV-infected or AIDS patients: a single-center study]

Objective: To explore the characteristics and eye disease distribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients reported by Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Data of HIV-infected or AIDS patients who were reported for the first time in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System by Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 were collected. Epidemiological data such as the patient's gender and age were recorded, and information such as the patient's clinical diagnosis, department classification, and laboratory test results were retrieved from the hospital's outpatient and emergency system and laboratory information system. Results: A total of 191 HIV-infected or AIDS patients were included, with an average age of (36.71±13.52) years, including 177 males and 14 females. The proportion of male and female patients showed no statistically significant change over the years (P>0.05). Most cases were initially diagnosed in the department of ophthalmology (75 cases, 38.22%), followed by the department of dermatology (49 cases, 25.65%). There were 42 cases (56.00%) reported in the fundus group, 10 cases (13.33%) in the cataract group, 8 cases (10.67%) in the refractive center, and other cases in the glaucoma, cornea, and ocular tumor groups. The ophthalmological diagnoses included uveitis (21 cases, 28.00%), retinopathy (13 cases, 17.33%), cataract (11 cases, 14.67%), refractive error (7 cases, 9.33%), glaucoma (4 cases, 5.33%), retinal detachment (3 cases, 4.00%), vitreous hemorrhage (3 cases, 4.00%), cytomegalovirus retinitis (2 cases, 2.67%), ocular tumor (2 cases, 2.67%), optic neuropathy (2 cases, 2.67%), conjunctivitis (2 cases, 2.67%), keratoconus (1 case, 1.33%), chronic dacryocystitis (1 case, 1.33%), lacrimal duct obstruction (1 case, 1.33%), corneal endothelial decompensation (1 case, 1.33%), and ectropion (1 case, 1.33%). Some patients had co-infections with syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Conclusions: There are undiagnosed HIV-infected or AIDS patients in some departments of non-infectious general hospitals, and the ophthalmological manifestations are mostly uveitis and retinopathy. Ophthalmologists should pay attention to the HIV infection or AIDS infection status of patients with eye diseases such as uveitis and retinopathy to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.