Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

3.7K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
3.7K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

137
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
137
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.1K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

4.5K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
4.5K
Action Potential01:31

Action Potential

7.8K
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...
7.8K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

3.1K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence of Two Distinct Alpha Rhythms Underlying Attention.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Backward alpha band oscillations shape perceptual bias under probabilistic cues.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Modulation of beta oscillatory dynamics in motor and frontal areas during physical fatigue.

Communications biology·2025
Same author

Dynamic alpha power modulations and slow negative potentials track natural shifts of spatio-temporal attention.

Psychophysiology·2023
Same author

Mind over muscle? Time manipulation improves physical performance by slowing down the neuromuscular fatigue accumulation.

Psychophysiology·2023
Same author

A Traveling Waves Perspective on Temporal Binding.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

6.7K

Alpha Traveling Waves during Working Memory: Disentangling Bottom-Up Gating and Top-Down Gain Control.

Yifan Zeng1, Paul Sauseng2, Andrea Alamia3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Universität Zürich, Zürich 8050, Switzerland yifan.zeng@psychologie.uzh.ch andrea.alamia@cnrs.fr.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Alpha traveling waves in the brain show distinct patterns related to working memory. Forward waves increase with distractors, while backward waves decrease with targets, suggesting dual inhibitory processes.

Keywords:
alpha oscillationselectroencephalographytraveling wavesworking memory

More Related Videos

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
08:02

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

9.1K
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

6.7K
Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
08:02

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

9.1K
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Previous research links alpha oscillations to working memory inhibition.
  • The top-down versus bottom-up nature of this inhibition remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of alpha traveling waves during working memory.
  • To differentiate between top-down and bottom-up inhibitory mechanisms in working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of two existing EEG datasets (N=180) from visual delayed match-to-sample tasks.
  • Analysis focused on anterior-posterior alpha wave propagation during memory retention.
  • Manipulation of distractor load and memory set size.

Main Results:

  • Increased alpha forward waves correlated with higher distractor load.
  • Increased forward waves and decreased backward waves were observed with larger memory set sizes.
  • Lateralization effects showed forward waves increased contralateral to distractors, and backward waves decreased contralateral to targets.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a dissociation between goal-relevant (targets) and goal-irrelevant (distractors) signals.
  • Alpha forward waves may reflect bottom-up gating influenced by distractors.
  • Alpha backward waves might indicate top-down gain control over visual areas.