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Related Experiment Videos

Hélène Lasolle1, Françoise Borson-Chazot2, Thibault Gauduchon3

  • 1Service d'endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis-Pradel, Hospices civils de Lyon, Bron cedex, France; University Lyon I, Lyon, France; Inserm U 1052, CRCL.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|November 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

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Managing medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2024 requires understanding its RET gene mutation link and heterogeneous prognosis. Treatment ranges from surgery for localized cases to targeted therapies and active surveillance for advanced or slow-progressing disease.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor often linked to RET gene mutations.
  • Diagnosis typically involves thyroid nodules or genetic screening, with calcitonin as a key biomarker.
  • Prognosis is highly variable, influenced by disease stage and biological factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current management strategies for medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2024.
  • To highlight the role of genetic mutations, biomarkers, and treatment modalities.
  • To discuss prognosis and therapeutic options for different disease stages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for medullary thyroid carcinoma management.
Keywords:
Cancer thyroïdienCarcinome médullaireMEN2Medullary thyroid carcinomaNEM2RETThyroid carcinoma

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  • Analysis of diagnostic markers, surgical approaches, and systemic therapies.
  • Discussion of prognostic indicators and surveillance strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Surgery offers curative potential for localized MTC, requiring expert assessment.
    • Advanced or metastatic MTC management has been transformed by multi-kinase inhibitors (cabozantinib, vandetanib) and RET-targeted therapies (selpercatinib).
    • Active surveillance is a viable option for slowly progressing disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective medullary thyroid carcinoma management in 2024 integrates genetic understanding, precise diagnostics, and tailored therapeutic strategies.
    • Treatment decisions for advanced MTC should be centralized in expert networks.
    • Prognosis is significantly influenced by early diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and ongoing monitoring.