Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

1.5K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.5K
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

1.8K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
1.8K
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

2.1K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.1K
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

975
A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
975
Layers of Connective Tissue Proper01:21

Layers of Connective Tissue Proper

1.9K
Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal muscles, bones, blood vessels, and organs. There are three main types of facia— superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia. These are all present at different depths in the body. Fascia reduces the friction and permits muscles, joints, and organs to easily slide against each other, facilitating movement of the body and preventing...
1.9K
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

2.0K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete Hemifacial Paralysis Post-facelift: Making Sense of a Plastic Surgeon's Worst Nightmare.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2023
Same author

Commentary on: Facial Hypertrophy as a Complication of Weight Gain in Autologous Fat Graft Patients: Considerations and Recommendations.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2023
Same author

Reply: Time Does Not Necessarily Make a "Real Expert".

Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.)·2023
Same author

Lifting the Anterior Midcheek and Nasolabial Fold: Introduction to the Melo Fat Pad Anatomy and Its Role in Longevity and Recurrence.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2023
Same author

A Video Interview With Richard J. Warren, MD: My Second Thoughts About the High Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System.

Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum·2023
Same author

The Death of Expertise.

Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.)·2022
Same journal

Lower-Extremity Reconstruction: Principles, Progress, and Perspectives.

Clinics in plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Pediatric.

Clinics in plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Lower Extremity Reconstruction in Acute Burns.

Clinics in plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds: Updates on Lower Extremity Reconstruction in Clinics in Plastic Surgery.

Clinics in plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Updates in Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Post Sarcoma.

Clinics in plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Fillet Flaps for Lower Extremity Salvage.

Clinics in plastic surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
07:01

Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area

Published on: August 9, 2016

10.5K

Blending the Lower Lid Cheek Junction.

Richard J Warren1

  • 1University of British Columbia, Division of Plastic Surgery, 777 West Broadway, Suite 1000, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z4J7 Canada.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|November 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Addressing lower eyelid and cheek contour deformities requires understanding anatomical changes. Tailored surgical approaches to the tear trough, based on its classification, offer the most significant aesthetic improvements.

Keywords:
Anterior maxillaCanthopexyCheek augmentationFat transpositionInfraorbital rimOrbital fat removal

More Related Videos

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

105.8K
Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
08:15

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
07:01

Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area

Published on: August 9, 2016

10.5K
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

105.8K
Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
08:15

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The lower lid cheek junction is anatomically complex.
  • Patients frequently seek correction for contour deformities in the lower eyelid and cheek.
  • These deformities stem from age-related anatomical changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the anatomical basis of lower eyelid and cheek contour deformities.
  • To classify tear trough deformities based on their configuration.
  • To outline appropriate surgical treatments for each tear trough class.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-related bony changes affecting the infraorbital rim and maxilla.
  • Assessment of soft tissue volume loss contributing to tear trough formation.
  • Classification of tear trough deformities into three distinct categories.
  • Evaluation of surgical outcomes for combined lower lid and cheek procedures.

Main Results:

  • Age-related changes include infraorbital rim recession and maxillary hypoplasia.
  • Soft tissue loss exacerbates the tear trough deformity.
  • Three distinct classes of tear trough deformity were identified.
  • Combined lower lid and cheek procedures yielded significant improvements.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the underlying anatomy is crucial for addressing lower lid cheek contour deformities.
  • A classification system for tear trough deformities guides surgical planning.
  • Combined surgical interventions on the lower eyelid and cheek provide optimal aesthetic results.