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India-Eurasia convergence speed-up by passive-margin sediment subduction.

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The rapid India-Eurasia convergence accelerated around 65 million years ago due to subducting sediments from the Indian passive margin. This geological event constrained the initial collision to approximately 60 million years ago.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Geophysics
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • The accelerated convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates around 65 million years ago (Ma) is a complex geological event.
  • Previous explanations faced uncertainty regarding tectonic history and forces influencing plate speed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the rapid increase in India-Eurasia convergence rate around 65 Ma.
  • To investigate the role of sediment subduction in this acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Geochemical analysis (isotope and trace element) of Gangdese magmatic rocks.
  • Geodynamic modeling to simulate sediment subduction effects.
  • Analysis of sediment melt contribution to mantle sources.

Main Results:

  • An enhanced contribution of terrigenous sediment melt to the mantle source of Gangdese magmatic rocks was observed around 65 Ma.
  • Numerical experiments indicated that subduction of thick sediments (over 1 km) could spur increased convergence and crustal extension.
  • The acceleration of convergence correlates with the arrival of passive-margin-derived sediments.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid India-Eurasia convergence acceleration is explained by the subduction of sediments from the northern Indian passive margin.
  • The initial India-Eurasia collision is constrained to approximately 60 Ma.
  • Temporary accelerations in subduction rates may be common during the final stages of continental assembly.