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When hyperthyroidism goes unchecked: A rare case of cardiac tamponade induced by acute pericarditis in Graves'

Meryem Jabri1,2, Nabila Ismaili1,2, Noha El Ouafi1,2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco.

Radiology Case Reports
|November 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This case report highlights a rare instance of cardiac tamponade in a patient with Graves' disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including pericardiocentesis, are crucial for managing this severe cardiovascular complication of hyperthyroidism.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Graves' disease is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism and is linked to various cardiovascular issues.
  • Acute pericarditis is an exceptionally rare complication of Graves' disease.

Observation:

  • A female patient presented with dyspnea and palpitations, exhibiting Beck's triad.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large pericardial effusion necessitating urgent pericardiocentesis.
  • Thyroid function tests confirmed hyperthyroidism with positive TSH-receptor and elevated anti-TPO antibodies.

Findings:

  • The case illustrates cardiac tamponade secondary to acute pericarditis in a patient with Graves' disease.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, physical examination (Beck's triad), and laboratory tests (suppressed TSH, elevated free T4, thyroid receptor antibodies).

Implications:

  • This emphasizes the importance of considering rare cardiac complications in hyperthyroid patients.
  • Effective management involves pericardiocentesis, anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, and antithyroid medications.

Keywords:
Acute pericarditisCardiac tamponadeGraves’ diseasePericardiocentesisThyrotoxicosis

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