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Educational attainment, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia: a Mendelian randomization study.

Yunqing Zhang1, Ruideng Wang2,3, Zhengyang Chen2,3

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Higher educational attainment (EA) causally reduces sarcopenia risk, potentially by influencing brain structure. This study used Mendelian randomization to explore the link between EA, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between higher educational attainment (EA) and reduced sarcopenia risk.
  • Causality in previous studies was limited by confounding and reverse causation.
  • Brain cortical structure may mediate the protective effect of EA on sarcopenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA), brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia.
  • To elucidate the potential mediating role of brain structure in the EA-sarcopenia association.

Main Methods:

  • Two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed.
  • Genome-wide significant instrumental variables were utilized from public datasets.
  • Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR method, supported by sensitivity analyses (Cochran Q, MR-Egger, leave-one-out, MR-PRESSO).

Main Results:

  • EA showed a significant causal association with increased appendicular lean mass, hand grip strength, and usual walking pace.
  • EA was also causally linked to increased brain cortical surface area and cortical thickness.
  • Cortical thickness partially mediated the causal effect of EA on usual walking pace (3.43% mediation).

Conclusions:

  • Educational attainment (EA) has a protective causal effect against sarcopenia.
  • EA influences brain cortical structure, which in turn mediates the protective effect against sarcopenia.
  • Findings support public health strategies for sarcopenia prevention by highlighting the role of EA and brain health.