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An Overview of Pediatric Pulmonary Complications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Lesson for Future
Zahra Roshanzamir1, Fatemeh Mohammadi2, Amirhossein Yadegar2
1Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Insights
Pediatric COVID-19 care requires understanding clinical presentations and supportive treatments. This review highlights challenges and future needs for managing viral respiratory diseases in children during pandemics.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Viral Respiratory Illnesses
- Public Health
Background:
- The pediatric population is crucial for controlling viral disease spread and mortality.
- The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted child health, necessitating focus on pediatric surveillance, prevention, and treatment.
- Understanding pediatric viral disease management is vital for future public health preparedness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of COVID-19 in children.
- To discuss clinical manifestations, therapeutic options, vaccine recommendations, and long COVID sequelae in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections.
- To provide insights for pediatric care challenges during future pandemics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and management strategies for pediatric COVID-19.
- Synthesis of information on therapeutic options and vaccine recommendations for children.
- Analysis of long COVID sequelae and potential complications in pediatric cases.
Main Results:
- Pediatric COVID-19 presents with a spectrum of illness, from mild pulmonary disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
- Supportive care is essential for managing pediatric COVID-19, with specialized treatment for severe cases being critical.
- Prevention strategies and potential complications must be considered in clinical practice.
Conclusions:
- A lack of specific clinical guidelines for pediatric SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary diseases persists.
- Enhanced physician understanding of pediatric pandemic care improves patient safety, reduces health policy costs, and aids in surveilling risks from respiratory viruses.
Background:
The pediatric community is considered a suitable target for controlling the spread and mortality of viral diseases. In late December 2019, a respiratory disease due to the novel coronavirus, later COVID-19, hit the globe. The COVID-19 global disruption had direct and indirect impacts on different aspects of child health. Therefore, surveillance, preventive approaches, and treatment plans for children came into the spotlight.
Objective:
This study aims to discuss the clinical pictures as well as laboratory and radiological findings of the infected children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of this study is to express the clinical manifestations of respiratory disease in pediatric SARS-CoV-2, available therapeutic options, vaccine recommendations, and long COVID sequelae in affected children. This review could serve as a hint for upcoming challenges in pediatric care during future pandemics.
Results:
The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in pediatrics can range from mild pulmonary disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Supportive care is a crucial component of the management of pediatric COVID-19. However, the importance of specializing in how to treat patients with more severe conditions cannot be overstated. Additionally, clinicians must consider prevention strategies as well as potential complications.
Conclusion:
Although the infected patients are dipping day by day, there is a lack of clinical guidelines for pediatric SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary diseases. Understanding of the physicians about all aspects of pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to enhanced quality of future patient care and safety, reduced costs of health policies, and surveil the risk that patients with respiratory viruses can expose to society.
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