Prenatal drivers of microglia vulnerability in the adult

Environmental insults during early development heavily affect brain trajectories. Among these, maternal infections, high-fat diet regimens, and sleep disturbances pose a significant risk for neurodevelopmental derangements in the offspring. Notably, scattered evidence is starting to emerge that also paternal lifestyle habits may impact the offspring development. Given their key role in controlling neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and shaping neuronal circuits, microglia represent the most likely suspects of mediating the detrimental effects of prenatal insults. For some of these environmental triggers, like maternal infections, ample literature evidence demonstrates the central role of microglia, also delineating the specific transcriptomic and proteomic profiles induced by these insults. In other contexts, the analysis of microglia is still in its infancy. Fostering these studies is needed to define microglia as potential therapeutic target in the frame of disorders consequent to maternal immune activation.