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The microRNA profile of brain-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising step forward in developing pharmacodynamic
Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour1, Urs Heilbronner2, Thorsten Mueller2
1Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have the potential to affect drug metabolism, and some drugs affect cellular miRNA expression. miRNAs are found inside extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the profile of these EV-miRNAs can change across different diseases and disease states. Consequently, in recent years EV-miRNAs have attracted increasing attention as possible non-invasive biomarkers. For example, analyzing the miRNA expression profile of brain-derived EVs in blood may allow us to non-invasively assess miRNA dysregulation and thus to gain knowledge about the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and identify potential new predictive targets. We searched PubMed for all studies related to the effects of psychiatric medications on EV-miRNAs and identified 14 relevant articles. Taken together, findings indicate that certain EV-miRNAs may be targets for psychiatric medications and that antipsychotics such as olanzapine and antidepressants such as fluoxetine may alter the expression levels of particular EV-miRNAs. If confirmed and replicated, these findings may lead to the suggested miRNA profiles being used as pharmacodynamic biomarkers. However, heterogeneities and uncertainties remain regarding the role of EV-miRNAs in psychiatric disorders and their interaction with neuronal gene expression and drugs. This minireview summarizes some of the findings on the effects of psychiatric medications on EV-miRNAs and describes the potential role of EV-miRNAs as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for psychiatric disorders.
Insights
Extracellular vesicle microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric medications, like olanzapine and fluoxetine, may alter EV-miRNA levels, suggesting their use as pharmacodynamic biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence drug metabolism and are affected by certain drugs.
- miRNAs are encapsulated within extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their profiles change with disease states.
- EV-miRNAs are emerging as potential non-invasive biomarkers for various conditions, including psychiatric disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of psychiatric medications on EV-miRNAs.
- To explore the potential of EV-miRNAs as pharmacodynamic biomarkers in psychiatric disorders.
- To summarize current findings on EV-miRNA alterations by psychiatric drugs.
Main Methods:
- A literature search was conducted on PubMed for studies investigating the impact of psychiatric medications on EV-miRNAs.
- 14 relevant articles were identified and analyzed.
- The review synthesizes findings on specific EV-miRNAs affected by psychiatric drugs.
Main Results:
- Certain EV-miRNAs may be targeted by psychiatric medications.
- Antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine) and antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine) can alter specific EV-miRNA expression levels.
- These altered EV-miRNA profiles could potentially serve as pharmacodynamic biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- EV-miRNAs hold potential as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for psychiatric disorders.
- Further confirmation and replication are needed to validate these findings.
- Understanding the role of EV-miRNAs in psychiatric disorders and drug interactions requires more research.
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