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The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Iodine and Hyperthyroidism: A Double-Edged Sword.

Kate D Braverman1, Elizabeth N Pearce1

  • 1Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|November 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excessive iodine intake can cause hyperthyroidism, particularly in susceptible individuals. Recognizing iodine sources and vulnerable patients is key to preventing this condition.

Keywords:
Graves’ diseaseamiodaronehyperthyroidismiodinethyroid storm

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis.
  • Homeostatic mechanisms can fail with excessive iodine exposure.
  • Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism can occur in both iodine-deficient and iodine-sufficient regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review on iodine's role in thyroid function.
  • To discuss the causes and consequences of excessive iodine exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed for English-language studies.
  • Identification of relevant papers from recent review articles.

Main Results:

  • Excessive iodine intake can precipitate hyperthyroidism.
  • Sources of excess iodine include iodized salt, seaweed, supplements, contrast media, and amiodarone.
  • Inorganic iodine has therapeutic uses but can also worsen hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying iodine sources and vulnerable populations is crucial for preventing hyperthyroidism.
  • Awareness of iodine's dual role in thyroid health and disease is important for clinical practice.