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Diet quality during pregnancy, adolescent brain morphology, and cognitive performance in a population-based cohort
Yuchan Mou1, Pauline W Jansen2, Hong Sun3
1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Insights
Good prenatal nutrition supports healthy brain development and cognitive function in children. This study found that higher diet quality during pregnancy was linked to larger brain volumes and better intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in offspring.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Maternal diet quality during pregnancy is crucial for fetal neurodevelopment.
- Mechanisms linking prenatal nutrition to long-term cognitive outcomes require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and offspring brain morphology in pre- and early adolescence.
- To determine if brain morphology mediates the relationship between prenatal diet quality and adolescent intelligence quotient (IQ).
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Generation R Study, including 2223 mother-child dyads with brain MRI scans at ages 10 and 14.
- Assessed maternal dietary intake during pregnancy using food-frequency questionnaires and calculated diet quality scores.
- Measured offspring cognitive performance using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V at age 14.
Main Results:
- Higher maternal diet quality during pregnancy correlated with larger total brain, white matter, gray matter, and subcortical volumes in offspring at ages 10 and 14.
- Observed significant differences in cortical thickness, gyrification, and surface area.
- Better prenatal diet quality was associated with higher adolescent full-scale IQ, particularly in verbal comprehension and matrix reasoning.
Conclusions:
- Maternal diet quality during pregnancy is associated with structural brain development in offspring.
- Prenatal dietary patterns influence childhood cognitive outcomes, with brain morphology partially mediating this relationship.
Background:
Diet quality during pregnancy may affect offspring's neurobiology and cognitive performance in childhood. However, little is known about underlying mechanisms and potential long-term effects.
Objectives:
To examine associations of diet quality during pregnancy with offspring pre- and early-adolescent brain morphology and to investigate whether brain morphology mediates associations of diet quality during pregnancy with full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) in early adolescence.
Methods:
We studied 2223 and 1582 mother-child dyads with brain scans collected using magnetic resonance imaging at ages 10 and 14 y in the population-based Generation R Study in The Netherlands. We assessed dietary intake during pregnancy with 293-item food-frequency questionnaires and calculated predefined diet quality scores (total score 0-15), reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines. Cognitive performance was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V at age 14 y. We examined associations using multiple regression models, corrected for multiple testing.
Results:
After adjustment for child age, sex, socioeconomic factors, maternal age, smoking, and psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy, we found that higher diet quality during pregnancy was associated with a larger total brain (B: 4.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80, 7.28), cerebral white matter (1.83, 95% CI: 0.56, 3.10), cerebral gray matter (1.99, 95% CI: 0.63, 3.35), and subcortical volumes (0.16, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.28) of children at age 10 y. Similar results were found for age 14 y. Widespread differences in cortical thickness, gyrification, and surface area in both hemispheres were also observed. Better diet quality during pregnancy was associated with higher full-scale IQ scores of adolescents, particularly on verbal comprehension and matrix reasoning. The associations between diet quality during pregnancy and full-scale IQ in early adolescence were partially mediated by brain volumetric markers in pre-adolescence.
Conclusions:
Diet quality during pregnancy was associated with structural brain alterations in the offspring, which partly explained the relation between prenatal dietary patterns and cognitive outcomes in children.
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