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Related Concept Videos

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Development and initial validation of the Cognitive Change Scale (CCS).

Anne Kever1, Lauren B Heuer2, Leila Simani2

  • 1St. Michael's Hospital, Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|November 8, 2024
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The new Cognitive Change Scale (CCS) effectively measures perceived cognitive changes in individuals with neurologic conditions. This self-report tool aids in tracking disease progression and treatment effectiveness.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosiscognitive changescale validation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychometrics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is prevalent in neurologic diseases, necessitating accurate tracking of changes over time.
  • Distinguishing disease-related cognitive decline from normal aging requires precise measurement tools.
  • Existing subjective cognitive measures assess current status, not change over time, creating a research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a self-report measure, the Cognitive Change Scale (CCS), for assessing perceived cognitive change in neurologic populations.
  • To evaluate the reliability and validity of the CCS.
  • To explore the relationship between CCS scores and demographic factors, mood, fatigue, and objective cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic mixed-methods approach was employed for the design and validation of the CCS.
  • The scale was administered to 131 individuals with multiple sclerosis, with associations to demographics, mood, and fatigue analyzed.
  • Cognitive test batteries were completed by 46 participants to correlate objective performance with CCS responses.

Main Results:

  • The 17-item CCS demonstrated good reliability and validity, with a four-factor structure identified.
  • Factors included changes in general cognition, language/executive function, external feedback, and coping strategies.
  • CCS scores positively correlated with fatigue, depression, and anxiety, but not significantly with cognitive test performance.

Conclusions:

  • The Cognitive Change Scale (CCS) shows potential as a valuable outcome measure for neurologic treatment trials.
  • Its ability to capture perceived cognitive change is a key advantage.
  • Further validation in diverse neurologic populations may enhance its utility.