Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Single-Center Retrospective Study of Hospitalized Hepatitis A Cases in Southern Bulgaria, 2015-2023.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Life-Threatening Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Child with Acute Hepatitis A.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Fatal Septic Shock Caused by Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O128 and Rare Polymicrobial Co-Infection with <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>zooepidemicus</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> and <i>Enterococcus durans</i> in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis: A Case Report.

Microorganisms·2026

Same author

Study on the Importance of Hygienic Hand Disinfection of Dental Practitioners and Students as an Infection Control Measure in Dental Practice.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Urinary Tract Infections in a Single-Center Bulgarian Hospital: Trends in Etiology, Antibiotic Resistance, and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2017-2022).

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Aerobic Microbiological Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance in Children Operated for Anorectal Abscesses.

Journal of clinical medicine·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis: a case report.

Petya Argirova¹, Angel Todev¹, Yordan Kalchev¹

¹Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

|November 8, 2024

Summary

This study details a severe case of brain inflammation (encephalitis) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Early diagnosis via PCR testing of respiratory and cerebrospinal fluid is crucial for managing this neurological complication of COVID-19.

Keywords:

central nervous system COVID-19 neuroinfection PCR seizure

More Related Videos

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily manifests with respiratory symptoms.
Neurological complications are increasingly recognized as significant manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting the central nervous system directly or indirectly.

Observation:

This report presents a clinical case of encephalitis, a severe brain inflammation, in a patient with COVID-19.
The case highlights the potential severity and diverse clinical spectrum of neurological illness associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Findings:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for etiological diagnosis.
PCR confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2, establishing a direct link to the observed encephalitis.

Implications:

The findings underscore the importance of considering neurological complications, such as encephalitis, in patients presenting with COVID-19.
Early and accurate etiological diagnosis through methods like PCR is critical for timely and effective management of SARS-CoV-2-associated neurological conditions.
This case contributes to the understanding of the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 and the spectrum of its neurological sequelae.